Uburyo bwo gukora
Ihame ryacu rigenga ni ukubaha igishushanyo mbonera cy’umukiriya w’umwimerere, tugakoresha ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora kugira ngo dukore PCB zujuje ibisabwa n’umukiriya. Impinduka zose ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’umwimerere zisaba uruhushya rwanditse ruturutse ku mukiriya. Iyo umukiriya amaze guhabwa akazi ko gukora, injeniyeri za MI zisuzuma neza inyandiko zose n’amakuru atangwa n’umukiriya. Banagaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’amakuru y’umukiriya n’ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora. Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza intego z’igishushanyo mbonera cy’umukiriya n’ibyo akeneye mu gukora, tukareba neza ko ibisabwa byose byasobanuwe neza kandi bishoboka.
Uburyo bwo gukora PCB
Icyumba cy'inama
Ibiro rusange
Uburyo bwo gukora PCB (Printed Circuit Board) bushobora kugabanywamo intambwe nyinshi, buri imwe ikaba ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko uburyo butandukana bitewe n'imiterere y'ikibaho. Intambwe zikurikira zigaragaza inzira rusange ya PCB ifite inzego nyinshi:
1. Gukata: Ibi bikubiyemo gukata impapuro kugira ngo zikoreshwe neza.
Ububiko bw'ibikoresho
Imashini zo gutema mbere yo gutegurwa
2. Gukora Inner Layer: Iyi ntambwe igamije cyane cyane gukora internal circuit ya PCB.
- Mbere yo kuvurwa: Ibi bikubiyemo gusukura ubuso bwa PCB no gukuraho ibyanduye byose ku buso.
- Lamination: Aha, agapira k'umusemburo k'umusemburo karafatirwa ku buso bwa PCB, kagategura ko amashusho azakurikiraho.
- Guhura n'ibintu: Ibyuma bitwikiriwe n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byabugenewe, bijyana ishusho y'ibyuma mu ifiriti yumye.
- Hanyuma igice cyagaragaye kiratunganywa, kigasimburwa, hanyuma agapira kagakurwaho, birangiza gukora ikibaho cy'imbere.
Imashini yo gushushanya impande
LDI
3. Igenzura ry'imbere: Iyi ntambwe igamije ahanini gupima no gusana imiyoboro y'amazi.
- Gusuzuma amashusho ya AOI bikoreshwa mu kugereranya ishusho y'ikibaho cya PCB n'amakuru y'ikibaho cyiza kugira ngo hamenyekane inenge nk'icyuho n'ibitonyanga ku ishusho y'ikibaho. - Inenge zose zabonetse na AOI zikosorwa n'abakozi babishinzwe.
Imashini yo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bwikora
4. Gushyiramo imirasire: Uburyo bwo guhuza ibice byinshi by'imbere mu kibaho kimwe.
- Guhindura ibara ry'umukara: Iyi ntambwe yongera isano iri hagati y'ikibaho n'umusemburo kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwo kumenaho umuringa.
- Guca PP: Ibi bisaba gukata PP ku bunini bukwiye kugira ngo ubashe guhuza ikibaho cy'imbere n'ikibaho gihuye na PP.
- Gukamura ubushyuhe: Uduce dushyirwamo ubushyuhe tugakomera mu gice kimwe.
Imashini ikoresha imashini ishyushye ikoresha icyuma gishyushya
Imashini yo gucukura
Ishami ry'ubucukuzi
5. Gucukura: Imashini icukura ikoreshwa mu gukora imyobo y'ubugari butandukanye n'ingano zitandukanye ku kibaho nk'uko umukiriya abiteganya. Iyi myobo yorohereza gutunganya porogaramu za plugin hanyuma igafasha mu gusohora ubushyuhe buva ku kibaho.
Insinga y'umuringa icukura mu buryo bwikora
Umurongo w'Icyitegererezo cyo Gushyiramo Ipasi mu buryo bwikora
Imashini itunganya ibikoresho by'umwuka
6. Gushyiramo umuringa w'ibanze: Imyobo icukuwe ku kibaho ishyirwamo umuringa kugira ngo irebe ko ifata amazi mu byiciro byose by'imbaho.
- Gukuraho ibirungo: Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo gukuraho ibirungo ku nkengero z'umwobo w'imbaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuringa wangirika nabi.
- Gukuraho kole: Ibisigazwa byose bya kole biri mu mwobo bikurwaho kugira ngo byongere gufatana mu gihe cyo gukata mikorobe.
- Gushyiramo Umuringa w'Umwobo: Iyi ntambwe igenzura imikorere y'umuringa ku mbaho zose kandi yongera ubugari bw'umuringa w'uruhande.
AOI
Guhuza CCD
Ubudahangarwa bwo guteka Solder
7. Gutunganya urwego rw'inyuma: Iyi nzira isa n'iy'imbere mu ntambwe ya mbere kandi yagenewe koroshya ikorwa ry'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi nyuma yaho.
- Mbere yo gusukura: Ubuso bw'ikibaho busukurwa binyuze mu gusya, gusya no kumisha kugira ngo icyuma cyumye gifatane neza.
- Lamination: Agapira k'umusemburo k'umusemburo karafatirwa ku buso bwa PCB mu rwego rwo kwitegura kohereza amashusho nyuma yaho.
- Guhura n'urumuri rwa UV bituma agahu k'umuyoboro kari ku kibaho kinjira mu buryo bwa polymerized na nonpolymerized.
- Iterambere: Agapira k'umusemburo katakozwe na polymer karashonga, gasiga icyuho.
Umurongo wo gutwika umucanga wo gutwikira ifuku
Imashini ikoresha silkscreen
Imashini ya HASL
8. Gushyiramo umuringa wa kabiri, gushushanya, AOI
- Gushyiramo umuringa ku buryo bwa kabiri: Gushyiramo amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki no gukoresha umuringa mu buryo bwa chimique bikorwa ku bice biri mu myobo idatwikiriwe n'icyuma cyumye. Iyi ntambwe kandi ikubiyemo kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi n'ubugari bw'umuringa, hagakurikiraho gushyiramo icyuma mu cyuma kugira ngo imiyoboro n'imyobo birindwe neza mu gihe cyo gushushanya.
- Gucukura: Umuringa w'ibanze mu gice cyo hanze cyumye (agace gafite icyuma gitose) ukurwaho binyuze mu gucukura, gucukura no gucukura amabati, bigasoza uruziga rw'inyuma.
- AOI y'Inyuma: Kimwe na AOI y'Imbere, gupima AOI hakoreshejwe optique bikoreshwa mu kumenya ahantu hafite inenge, hanyuma bigasanwa n'abakozi babishinzwe.
Ikizamini cy'ibanga ryo mu kirere
Ishami rya 1 ryo gutwara abantu
Ishami rya 2 ry'imihanda
9. Gukoresha agapfukamunwa gakoresha solder mask: Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo gukoresha agapfukamunwa gakoresha solder mask kugira ngo karinde oxidation n'ibindi bibazo.
- Gutunganya mbere: Urubaho rukorerwa pickling no gukaraba hakoreshejwe ultrasound kugira ngo ruvaneho oxyde kandi rwongere ubukana bw'ubuso bw'umuringa.
- Gucapa: Wino irwanya gushonga ikoreshwa mu gutwikira ibice by'ikibaho cya PCB bidasaba gushonga, bigatanga uburinzi n'ubushyuhe.
- Guteka mbere: Umushongi uri muri wino yo gupfuka irashya, kandi wino irakomera mu rwego rwo kwitegura gushyirwamo.
- Guhura n'ibintu: Urumuri rwa UV rukoreshwa mu kuvura wino ya solder mask, bigatuma habaho polymeri nini ya molekile binyuze muri polymerise ishobora gupima urumuri.
- Iterambere: Umuti wa sodium karubone uri mu ibara ridafite polymer urakurwaho.
- Nyuma yo guteka: Wino iba ikomeye neza.
Imashini ikata V
Ikizamini cyo Gukoresha Ibikoresho
10. Gucapa inyandiko: Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo gucapa inyandiko ku kibaho cya PCB kugira ngo byoroshye kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo kuyivanga nyuma.
- Guteka: Ubuso bw'ikibaho burasukurwa kugira ngo haveho oxidation no kongera uburyo wino icapa ifatana.
- Gucapa inyandiko: Inyandiko wifuza icapwa kugira ngo byorohereze ibikorwa byo gusudira bikurikira.
Imashini yo gupima ikoranabuhanga yikora
11. Gutunganya ubuso: Isahani y'umuringa yambaye ubusa ikorerwa isuku y'ubuso hashingiwe ku byo abakiriya bakeneye (nka ENIG, HASL, Silver, Tin, Plating gold, OSP) kugira ngo hirindwe ingese n'ibyuka bihumanya.
12. Imiterere y'urubaho: Urubaho rukozwe hakurikijwe ibyo umukiriya akeneye, byoroshya uburyo bwo gupakira no guteranya SMT.
Imashini igenzura AVI
13. Isuzuma ry'amashanyarazi: Uburyo uruziga rw'amazi rukomeza gupimwa kugira ngo harebwe kandi hakumirwe ko uruziga rufunguye cyangwa rugufi rudakora.
14. Igenzura rya nyuma ry'ubuziranenge (FQC): Igenzura ryuzuye rikorwa nyuma yo kurangiza ibikorwa byose.
Imashini imesa imbaho yikora
FQC
15. Gupakira no Kohereza: Ibibaho bya PCB byuzuye bishyirwa mu buryo bworoshye, bigapfunyikwa kugira ngo byoherezwe, hanyuma bigashyikirizwa umukiriya.
Ishami rishinzwe gupakira